Drilling machines are generally categorized into two main types: rock drills and drilling rigs. Drilling rigs, in turn, can be further divided into open-air drilling rigs and underground drilling rigs, each designed for specific applications and environments.
1. Rock Drills: These are primarily used for creating blastholes in medium-hard to hard rock formations. They typically handle hole diameters ranging from 20 to 100 mm and depths up to 20 meters. Rock drills are powered by various sources, including pneumatic, internal combustion, hydraulic, and electric systems. Among these, pneumatic rock drills are the most commonly used due to their reliability, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness in many mining and construction settings.
2. Open-Air Drilling Rigs: These rigs are used for surface drilling operations and come in different mechanisms based on how they break the rock. Common types include rope-impact drills, down-the-hole (DTH) drills, cone drills, and rotary drills. Rope-impact drills, while once widely used, have largely been replaced by more efficient models like DTH and rotary drills, which offer better performance and faster drilling speeds.
3. Underground Drilling Rigs: Designed for use in confined spaces such as mines, these rigs are suitable for drilling blastholes with diameters less than 150 mm. In addition to dedicated rock drills, small-diameter drilling rigs can also be used for holes ranging from 80 to 150 mm, making them versatile tools for underground excavation and blasting operations.
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