Drilling machines are typically categorized into two main types: rock drills and drilling rigs. Drilling rigs, in turn, can be further divided into open-pit drilling rigs and underground drilling rigs, each designed for specific applications and environments.
1. Rock Drills: These are primarily used for creating blastholes in medium-hard to hard rock formations, with diameters ranging from 20 to 100 mm and depths up to 20 meters. They come in various power sources, including pneumatic, internal combustion, hydraulic, and electric models. Among these, pneumatic rock drills are the most commonly used due to their reliability, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness in many mining and construction settings.
2. Open-Pit Drilling Rigs: These rigs operate above ground and are classified based on the method they use to break rock. Common types include cable-suspended impact drills, down-the-hole (DTH) drills, cone drills, and rotary drills. Cable-suspended impact drills, although once widely used, have largely been replaced by more efficient technologies like DTH and rotary systems due to their lower productivity and higher maintenance costs.
3. Underground Drilling Rigs: Designed for use in confined or subterranean environments, these rigs are suitable for drilling blastholes with diameters less than 150 mm. In addition to standard rock drills, small-diameter drilling rigs with hole sizes between 80 and 150 mm are also employed in underground operations, offering greater precision and flexibility in challenging conditions.
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