1. The main nutrients on the cabbage
Cabbage leaves as a product and is most sensitive to nitrogen requirements. When the nitrogen supply is sufficient, the chlorophyll is increased, and the production of carbohydrates is increased, which also promotes the growth of the leaf ball and increases the yield. If there are too many nitrogens and the phosphorus and potassium are insufficient, the cabbage plants are long, the leaves are large and thin, the ball is not tight and the water content is high, the quality is decreased, and the disease resistance is weakened. Phosphorus can promote the differentiation of leaf primordia, so that the outer leaves occur faster, the differentiation of the leaves increases, and it also promotes its transport to the leaf. The potassium fertilizer is fully supplied to enrich the cabbage leaf ball, increase the yield, and increase the nutrient content in the cabbage to improve the quality.
The leaf color of the nitrogen-deficient cabbage is lighter and the plant grows slowly; the phosphorus deficiency leaves the leaf veins purple and the plants are short; the potassium deficiency leaves the outer leaves yellow, and even the leaves are crisp and brittle; A dry heartburn occurs. Boron deficiency during the growth period, often appeared in the inside of the petiole corked tissue, from brown to dark brown, the periphery of the leaves withered, poor ball.
2. The fertilizer requirement of Chinese cabbage
Each 100 kilograms of cabbage produced absorbs about 150 grams of nitrogen (N), 70 grams of phosphorus (P2O5), and 200 grams of potassium (K2O). In the case of 5000 kg per mu, it absorbs about 7.5 kg of nitrogen, 3.5 kg of phosphorus and 10 kg of potassium. The approximate ratio of the three elements is 1:0.47:1.33. It can be seen that the most absorbed potassium is followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The absorption of three elements in different growth stages of Chinese cabbage is different, which is roughly proportional to the growth of dry weight of plants. The germination period to the rosette period is only about 10% of the total absorption, while the ball-forming period absorbs about 90%. The proportion of the three elements absorbed in different periods is also different. The nitrogen absorbed by the rosette to the rosette is the highest, followed by potassium and phosphorus. During the balling period, the potassium is absorbed the most, followed by the nitrogen, and the phosphorus is still the least. This is because during the ball-forming period, cabbage requires more potassium to promote the production of photosynthetic products in the outer leaves, and a large amount of potassium is required to promote the transport and storage of photosynthetic products from the outer leaves to the leaf cells.
According to the calculation of the amount of fertilizer required for cabbage growth and the supply capacity of soil nutrient, combined with the current actual level of fertilization of cabbage, comprehensive analysis was carried out to determine the amount of fertilizer applied: (1) The late-maturing variety was selected in the middle and upper-grade areas with a target yield of 8,000 kg, and 7500 kg of high-quality farmyard manure was applied per mu. , nitrogen (N) 23 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 10.5 kg, potassium (K2O) 15 kg; (2) target yield of 6000 kg of medium-sized, selected early maturing varieties, acre of high-quality farmyard manure 6,500 kg, nitrogen (N 20 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 9 kg, potassium (K2O) 13 kg; (3) target yield of 5000 kg of the inferior land, generally choose early maturing, medium and early maturing varieties, 5,000 kg of farmyard manure, nitrogen (N) 16 Kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 6 kg, potassium (K2O) about 9 kg.
3. Fertilization technology
(1) Apply enough base fertilizer. Cabbage has a long growing season and requires a large amount of high-quality organic fertilizer with long-term fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, it is very important to apply a large amount of manure as a base fertilizer. Generally, the amount of manure in the mu is not less than 5,000 kg. Before cultivating land, 60% of the manure was scattered in the ground and turned into the soil. Before the shovel, 40% of the manure was scattered on the ground and into the shallow soil, and then ridged. Calcium superphosphate or compound fertilizer should be applied together when applying fertilizer, and the dosage per acre is 50-75 kg.
(2) Sowing and applying the seedling fertilizer. In order to ensure sufficient nutrients in the seedling stage, it is necessary to apply quick-acting fertilizers as “lifting fertilizerâ€. Use 4 kg of ammonium nitrate per mu or 5-8 kg of ammonium sulfate. Apply to the seeding point, mix well with the soil before the live broadcast, and then water and sow.
(3) Fertilizer. The rosette leaves growing in the rosette stage are the organs that will produce a large number of photosynthetic products in the future during the ball-forming period. Fully fertilizing and watering is the key to ensure the strong growth of the rosette leaves, but at the same time, it is necessary to prevent the rosette leaves from growing and causing the heart to end. "Fat fertilizer" should be applied when there are a few plants in the field to start the group, generally 800 to 1500 kg of manure, 50 to 100 kg of plant ash, or 10 to 15 kg of ammonium nitrate, 7 to 10 of phosphorus and potassium. kg. Direct fertilization of cabbage should be carried out in a small ditch 8 to 10 cm on the edge of the plant and covered with soil. The transplanted cabbage is applied to the gully, and the soil is mixed well and then planted. If there is a long-term phenomenon in the late period of the rosette, it is necessary to take the "small seedlings" measure.
(4) Shooting fertilizer. The ball-forming period is the period in which the product is formed, and the assimilation is the strongest. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer and water is large. Apply the ball-forming fertilizer 5 to 6 days before the core, and use a large amount of fertilizer to maintain the long-term complete fertilizer, especially to increase the potassium fertilizer. Generally, 20 kg of ammonium nitrate is applied, 10 to 15 kg of superphosphate and potassium sulfate, or 1600 to 2500 kg of dried manure, and 50 to 100 kg of grass ash is used as a ball-forming fertilizer. In order to make the nutrients lasting, it is best to mix the fertilizer with the decomposed manure, and it is advisable to open a deep groove of 8 to 10 cm between rows. This topdressing has the effect of enriching the inside of the leaf ball and promoting "irrigation", so it is also called "infusion of heart fat".
Cabbage leaves as a product and is most sensitive to nitrogen requirements. When the nitrogen supply is sufficient, the chlorophyll is increased, and the production of carbohydrates is increased, which also promotes the growth of the leaf ball and increases the yield. If there are too many nitrogens and the phosphorus and potassium are insufficient, the cabbage plants are long, the leaves are large and thin, the ball is not tight and the water content is high, the quality is decreased, and the disease resistance is weakened. Phosphorus can promote the differentiation of leaf primordia, so that the outer leaves occur faster, the differentiation of the leaves increases, and it also promotes its transport to the leaf. The potassium fertilizer is fully supplied to enrich the cabbage leaf ball, increase the yield, and increase the nutrient content in the cabbage to improve the quality.
The leaf color of the nitrogen-deficient cabbage is lighter and the plant grows slowly; the phosphorus deficiency leaves the leaf veins purple and the plants are short; the potassium deficiency leaves the outer leaves yellow, and even the leaves are crisp and brittle; A dry heartburn occurs. Boron deficiency during the growth period, often appeared in the inside of the petiole corked tissue, from brown to dark brown, the periphery of the leaves withered, poor ball.
2. The fertilizer requirement of Chinese cabbage
Each 100 kilograms of cabbage produced absorbs about 150 grams of nitrogen (N), 70 grams of phosphorus (P2O5), and 200 grams of potassium (K2O). In the case of 5000 kg per mu, it absorbs about 7.5 kg of nitrogen, 3.5 kg of phosphorus and 10 kg of potassium. The approximate ratio of the three elements is 1:0.47:1.33. It can be seen that the most absorbed potassium is followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The absorption of three elements in different growth stages of Chinese cabbage is different, which is roughly proportional to the growth of dry weight of plants. The germination period to the rosette period is only about 10% of the total absorption, while the ball-forming period absorbs about 90%. The proportion of the three elements absorbed in different periods is also different. The nitrogen absorbed by the rosette to the rosette is the highest, followed by potassium and phosphorus. During the balling period, the potassium is absorbed the most, followed by the nitrogen, and the phosphorus is still the least. This is because during the ball-forming period, cabbage requires more potassium to promote the production of photosynthetic products in the outer leaves, and a large amount of potassium is required to promote the transport and storage of photosynthetic products from the outer leaves to the leaf cells.
According to the calculation of the amount of fertilizer required for cabbage growth and the supply capacity of soil nutrient, combined with the current actual level of fertilization of cabbage, comprehensive analysis was carried out to determine the amount of fertilizer applied: (1) The late-maturing variety was selected in the middle and upper-grade areas with a target yield of 8,000 kg, and 7500 kg of high-quality farmyard manure was applied per mu. , nitrogen (N) 23 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 10.5 kg, potassium (K2O) 15 kg; (2) target yield of 6000 kg of medium-sized, selected early maturing varieties, acre of high-quality farmyard manure 6,500 kg, nitrogen (N 20 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 9 kg, potassium (K2O) 13 kg; (3) target yield of 5000 kg of the inferior land, generally choose early maturing, medium and early maturing varieties, 5,000 kg of farmyard manure, nitrogen (N) 16 Kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 6 kg, potassium (K2O) about 9 kg.
3. Fertilization technology
(1) Apply enough base fertilizer. Cabbage has a long growing season and requires a large amount of high-quality organic fertilizer with long-term fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, it is very important to apply a large amount of manure as a base fertilizer. Generally, the amount of manure in the mu is not less than 5,000 kg. Before cultivating land, 60% of the manure was scattered in the ground and turned into the soil. Before the shovel, 40% of the manure was scattered on the ground and into the shallow soil, and then ridged. Calcium superphosphate or compound fertilizer should be applied together when applying fertilizer, and the dosage per acre is 50-75 kg.
(2) Sowing and applying the seedling fertilizer. In order to ensure sufficient nutrients in the seedling stage, it is necessary to apply quick-acting fertilizers as “lifting fertilizerâ€. Use 4 kg of ammonium nitrate per mu or 5-8 kg of ammonium sulfate. Apply to the seeding point, mix well with the soil before the live broadcast, and then water and sow.
(3) Fertilizer. The rosette leaves growing in the rosette stage are the organs that will produce a large number of photosynthetic products in the future during the ball-forming period. Fully fertilizing and watering is the key to ensure the strong growth of the rosette leaves, but at the same time, it is necessary to prevent the rosette leaves from growing and causing the heart to end. "Fat fertilizer" should be applied when there are a few plants in the field to start the group, generally 800 to 1500 kg of manure, 50 to 100 kg of plant ash, or 10 to 15 kg of ammonium nitrate, 7 to 10 of phosphorus and potassium. kg. Direct fertilization of cabbage should be carried out in a small ditch 8 to 10 cm on the edge of the plant and covered with soil. The transplanted cabbage is applied to the gully, and the soil is mixed well and then planted. If there is a long-term phenomenon in the late period of the rosette, it is necessary to take the "small seedlings" measure.
(4) Shooting fertilizer. The ball-forming period is the period in which the product is formed, and the assimilation is the strongest. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer and water is large. Apply the ball-forming fertilizer 5 to 6 days before the core, and use a large amount of fertilizer to maintain the long-term complete fertilizer, especially to increase the potassium fertilizer. Generally, 20 kg of ammonium nitrate is applied, 10 to 15 kg of superphosphate and potassium sulfate, or 1600 to 2500 kg of dried manure, and 50 to 100 kg of grass ash is used as a ball-forming fertilizer. In order to make the nutrients lasting, it is best to mix the fertilizer with the decomposed manure, and it is advisable to open a deep groove of 8 to 10 cm between rows. This topdressing has the effect of enriching the inside of the leaf ball and promoting "irrigation", so it is also called "infusion of heart fat".
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