The Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine recently released the National Motor Energy Efficiency Improvement Plan (2013–2015). This initiative aims to boost market demand for high-efficiency motors and related equipment by nearly 100 billion yuan. However, despite these efforts, the adoption of high-efficiency motors remains limited due to their higher costs and an unfavorable market environment. As a result, fewer manufacturers are producing them, which in turn leads to lower consumer awareness.
The push for high-efficiency motors began in 2008 when motor system energy conservation was included among the top ten national energy-saving projects. In 2009, the use of high-efficiency and ultra-high-efficiency motors was incorporated into the "Huimin" project. A notice issued that same month confirmed the inclusion of high-efficiency motors in energy-saving programs and the Huimin initiative, drawing significant attention to their market potential. It has been over five years since this initiative started, yet high-efficiency motors still haven’t fully entered the mainstream market.
Experts estimate that high-efficiency motors can save between 1,300 and 2,300 billion kWh of electricity annually—equivalent to the output of three Three Gorges Dams. Despite such promising figures, many users remain unaware or hesitant to adopt them. The primary barriers include the high initial cost and the lack of widespread market acceptance.
Wu Ruiyang, general manager of Fujian Hesheng Energy-Saving Technology Co., Ltd., explains that motor sales target three types of customers: end users, agents, and equipment suppliers. End users account for only 5% of sales, while 15% go to agents, and a staggering 80% to downstream machinery and equipment suppliers. This highlights the critical role that equipment suppliers play in determining whether high-efficiency motors gain traction in the market.
High-efficiency motors come with higher research and development costs and manufacturing expenses, leading to prices that are 20% higher than standard motors, and sometimes even more. This makes it difficult for some investors to justify the investment, especially if they perceive no immediate financial return. Motors are often used as core components in systems like fans, pumps, and compressors. However, most mechanical equipment suppliers do not directly use the motors; instead, they are integrated into larger systems. According to Zhou Shou Lian, chief engineer at Beijing Bijie Electric Plant, although high-efficiency motors are slightly more expensive, their cost can be recouped within 4,000 to 5,000 hours of operation.
Despite government efforts to promote high-efficiency motors, more needs to be done. In a market-driven economy, short-sighted companies often prioritize cost-cutting over long-term efficiency. This creates a contradiction with the high price of high-efficiency motors. To overcome this, both policymakers and industry leaders must focus on long-term benefits rather than just upfront costs. Without this shift, the advantages of high-efficiency motors may not reach the final users, leading to a situation where the market applauds but fails to act.
Government policies should be enforced more strictly, and scientific research institutions should also play a key role in promoting the technology. Additionally, experts emphasize the need to educate consumers on how to properly select and use high-efficiency motors.
First, the overall machine must match the motor’s operating speed. High-efficiency motors typically run faster than standard ones. For most turbines, power consumption increases with the cube of the speed. For example, a 2% increase in speed can lead to an 8% rise in energy use, potentially offsetting the savings from switching to a more efficient motor.
Second, selecting the right motor size is crucial. Motor efficiency remains relatively stable around 50% of rated power. If the load is below 50%, efficiency drops sharply. An oversized motor not only increases costs but also reduces the power factor, making it less efficient overall.
By addressing these challenges, the adoption of high-efficiency motors can become more widespread, contributing to greater energy savings and sustainability in the long run.
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