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Atomic Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) Overview
Results of ultra-sensitive atomic resolution X-ray analysis of yttria-added ceramic grain boundaries
Monte Carlo calculations for the theoretical prediction of the stable arrangement of the helium atom grain boundaries
On March 24, 2016, the University of Tokyo and Osaka University announced a new discovery: the yttrium segregation structure of the zirconia ceramic grain boundary has a regular crystal structure at the atomic scale. Zirconia ceramics are solid electrolytes for fuel cells and this discovery may provide a new direction for the development of high-performance ceramic materials.
Different elements such as yttrium (Y) are added to the zirconia ceramic (ZrO2) used for the solid electrolyte to improve the characteristics. Although the addition of yttrium can enhance the ion conductivity inside the crystal, it will concentrate (segregate) at the interface such as the grain boundary and hinder the ion conduction at the grain boundary. Therefore, segregation of different elements in the grain boundary has been considered as a major factor in deteriorating the battery characteristics.
This time, researchers used an atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) with a resolution of 1 angstrom (10-10m) or less and an ultrasensitive X-ray component analysis method to perform the grain boundary of yttria-added zirconia ceramics. Atomic-scale compositional distribution analysis. The results show that in the range of a few nanometers near the grain boundary, the germanium concentration forms a regular and interlaced regular structure at the atomic scale. According to past views, helium atoms are simply concentrated and do not form a regular structure.
Furthermore, the results of theoretical analysis by atomic-scale Monte Carlo calculations show that this regular structure is very stable under the interaction of grain boundary structures, helium, and oxygen vacancies. This regular structure is very similar to a pyrochlore-type crystal structure that cannot be stabilized in yttria-added zirconia ceramics, and can be considered as a structure formed under the special environment of grain boundaries.
The results of this research have provided basic knowledge for the distribution of different elements added to the ceramics at the atomic scale, such as grain boundaries, as well as the influence on the functional characteristics, and are expected to become the causes of the deterioration of the performance and the implementation of the control policy. . It also shows that by precisely controlling the grain boundary segregation, a new crystal phase can be created that makes the grain boundary alone have other functions. The online version of Nature Communications, a British scientific journal, published this result on March 23 (Japan time). (Special Contributor: Kudosuke)
10W Mini Glue Gun Ptc Heating Features:
1. Versatile
2. Easy
3. Quick
4. Proective Nozzle Cover
5. Trigger Flow Control
6. Bonds instantly
7. High quality
8. High temperature or low temperature
Idea for many applications. Fastening various materials such as paper, cardboard, fabric,wood, lace,trims,leather,metal,glass, tiles, rubber, ceramics and flooring etc. Ideal for hobby and household repair,DIY&craft projects.
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General Safety Information:
1. Check if the plug cord was in good condition, and if there is stand before plug into the electrical outlet ; Check if the used glue gun has glue flow through back of the tunnel;
2. wait 5-10 minutes to allow glue to soften, stand up the glue gun on the table when not in use;
3. Touch nozzle to any clean, dry surface you wish to bond, to avoid any impurity stop the nozzle;
4. If the glue could not flow from the nozzle when the glue gun start to work, check if the glue gun are heating;
If glue
gun can not be heated, there are following reasons:
1
Plug cord into electrical outlet not
properly;
2
Glue gun has been destroyed owing to
inner cord short circuit;
If glue gun can be heated, there are following reasons: Nozzle has been stopped by any impurity, ask careerman to manage it.
5. Do not use the glue gun under moist climate, humidity will affect insulation and cause electric shock;
6. Do not touch the nozzle or melted glue;
7. Do not remove out the melted glue stick from the tunnel back side, it will damaged the glue gun as well as scalding person hands.
8. Do not to disassemble or assemble any glue gun accessories freely, it will cause glue gun do not work properly;
9. Keep out of reach of children and stocked it beyond any of Children palpable side;
10. Only used for melting glue stick, no other usage;
11. When in use, there are any glue flow back from tunnel, stop using immediately, wait for careerman clean the glue;
12. Close the power if the glue gun not in use after 15 minutes;
Important Caution:
1． Before use the glue gun, check if the plug cord into electrical outlet properly;
2． When glue gun in first use, the heating element will have small smoke, it is normal situation, but the smoke will disappeared after 10 minutes;
3． After power, not for a long time in standby mode(not longer for 20 minutes), when the suspension of use, unplug first.
4． Avoid to use the glue gun under very hot or very cold environments.
5． Better not work under direct cold wind blowing, it will reduce efficiency and loss power
6． When in continuous using, do not press the trigger with great pressure, and try to squeeze out the un-melted glue, it would damage the glue gun
7． Not applicable for bonding heavy objects or objects needed strong adhesive
8． The quality of glue stick will directly influence the glue gun function and sticking objects quality;
9． If the power cord is damaged, do not replace it by yourself, must ask for professionals to replace it.
10． This tools must b e placed in its position when not in use. And storage before the tools complete cooled.
11． Be careful when using any other electrical appliance with flammable material.
12． Not applicable for a long time in the same place.
13． Do not use an explosive gas atmospheres.
14． Note that heat may be the line of sigh, combustible materials.
15． Do not leave equipment unattended when switched on.
16． This appliance is not intended for use by persons(including children) with reduced physical, sensory or mental capabilities, or lack of experience and knowledge, unless they have been given supervision or instruction concerning use of the appliance by a person responsible for their safety.
17. Children should be supervised to ensure that they do not play with the appliance.
Using methods
1. Glue gun using voltage is 110-220V AC,50/60Hz;
2. Tip gun forward on stand and place a piece of cardboard under the nozzle
3. Use 7-8mm
(mini trigger glue gun), 11-12(big trigger glue gun), insert glue sticks
through
tunnel at back of gun
4. After power, wait for 5-10 minutes to allow glue to soften
After glue softens, squeeze trigger to feed glue through glue barrel. Excessive force will damage glue gun. Put down nozzle after work, disconnect the power plug
Mini Glue Gun
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