In recent years, China's manufacturing industry has achieved sustained and rapid development. China is already a big manufacturing country: all countries in the world are importing a large number of Chinese products, and China's exports have a majority of mechanical and electrical products. In the current economic cold wave and crisis, although the machinery industry has been greatly affected, the total size and total output are second only to the United States, surpassing Japan, ranking second in the world, and exporting has surpassed Germany to reach the world's first place. China in 2009 Car production has surpassed the United States and ranks first in the world. China has become a world-famous manufacturing power. China ranked third in the “Top 10 Manufacturing Powers in the World†published in the 2010 Global Manufacturing White Paper. In this year's "Top 500 Machinery Manufacturers", the United States ranked first with 126 companies, Japan ranked second with 124 homes, and China's selected enterprises ranked third with 77 homes. However, among the top 10 of the world's top 500 mechanical companies this year, none of China was selected; among the world's top 100 machinery companies, China was only selected for nine. It should be recognized that China's manufacturing industry is not strong, although it is a big manufacturing country, it cannot be called a manufacturing power. For example, steel, we export a lot of low-priced steel and import high value-added alloy steel. Machine tools are also exported to low-cost mid-range and low-end machines, while importing expensive CNC and precision machine tools. The labor productivity of China's manufacturing industry is only 1/3 to 1/5 of that of the United States and Japan. Many Chinese machinery products are cheap, but the quality is low. Recently, due to the appreciation of the renminbi and the rapid increase of domestic labor costs, coupled with the economic cold wave and crisis, it has seriously affected the export of middle and low-end products, and forced us to improve the technical level of the machinery industry as soon as possible, change the crisis into an opportunity, and strive for the manufacturing power. . From 2000 to 2008, the rapid development of China's machinery manufacturing industry from 2000 to 2008, the development of China's machinery manufacturing industry is extremely rapid, not only the rapid growth of automobiles, machine tools, shipbuilding, power generation equipment, etc., but also the product level. The market share of domestic machine tool production value: 56.3% in 2007 and 61% in 2008, and continued to increase in 2009, reaching 70.1%. In 2008, China's machine tool industry machine tool consumption of 19.44 billion US dollars, ranking first in the world; production of machine tools 13.96 billion US dollars, ranking third in the world; export machine tools 2.11 billion US dollars, ranking sixth in the world; imported machine tools 7.59 billion US dollars, ranking first in the world, The import and export of machine tools exceeded US$ 5.48 billion. In 2009, affected by the cold wave of the world economy, the growth rate was reduced, but the impact was even more severe in foreign countries. Last year, China's production machine tools ranked first in the world, with imported machine tools of 5.9 billion US dollars, exporting machine tools of 1.41 billion US dollars, machine tools import and export of more than 4.49 billion US dollars, and imported and consumer machine tools ranked first in the world for 8 consecutive years. In 2007, the output of CNC machine tools in China was 123,257 units, an increase of 32.6% over 2006. In 2008, China's CNC machine tools were affected by the global economic crisis, with a production of 122,211 units, which was basically the same as in 2007. From January to December 2008, the output of CNC machine tools in China was affected by the economic crisis. After July, the output declined, and it has slightly rebounded in December. In 2009, the output of CNC machine tools in China increased significantly, reaching 143,904 units, and the market share of domestic CNC machine tools reached 62%. In 2009, the situation of China's machinery manufacturing industry was viewed from the whole environment. Since the second half of 2008, the machinery manufacturing industry in various countries has been affected by the financial crisis to varying degrees, and the losses suffered by several major automobile and machine tool producing countries are particularly serious. The automobile production of all countries in the world has fallen sharply. However, China's automobile production and sales have not only declined, but have continued to rise sharply. In 2009, China's automobile production exceeded the United States and ranked first in the world. In the first half of 2009, the statistics of machine tool production in major countries were as follows: In the first quarter of 2009, orders for Japanese machine tools fell by 84.6%, while domestic demand and exports fell, affecting sales by 46.2%. US machine tool orders began to decline in November 2008. In April 2009, new orders were only US$97.04 million, a decrease of 42% from March 2009 and a 78% decrease from April 2008. The order value for January-April 2009 was Reduced by 71%. Germany has revised its 2009 full-year order trend forecast from a previous 7% drop to a 10% to 20% drop. German machine tool orders fell by 70% year-on-year. Compared with the same period of 2008, Taiwanese exports in January-April 2009 decreased by 51.9%, imports fell by 84.6%, total exports decreased by 51.9% compared with the same period of last year, and exports decreased sharply. Relatively speaking, China's machine tool industry is less damaged. According to the statistics of 177 key enterprises in China's Machine Tool Association, the total industrial output value in January-May 2009 decreased by 5.0% year-on-year, and sales revenue decreased by 6.2%. Total profit decreased by 33.1% year-on-year. These data show that in this financial crisis, China's machine tool industry has not been greatly hurt. According to statistics, from January to April 2009, the fixed assets investment of machine tools and tools was 23.2 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 48.8%. By May 2009, the machine tool industry was declared to be included in the national revitalization planning technical reform project. The investment is 7.21 billion yuan, which effectively improves the manufacturing level and capability of the machine tool industry. In the second half of 2009, the production situation of the machine tool industry was obviously improved. Since the base in the second half of 2008 was low, since July 2009, the monthly gross industrial output value of the machine tool industry has reached double-digit growth, the specific completion and the year-on-year increase. speed. In the first half of 2010, China's machinery manufacturing industry was in good condition, with overall production and sales booming, as was the case with the machine tool industry. The machine tool industry continued to grow at a high speed. The total output value in the first half of the year was 242.42 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 41.4%. The total output value of the machine tool industry was 57.21 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 31.7%. The output of metal cutting machine tools was 338,209 units, of which 945,191 sets of CNC machine tools were produced, up 25.8% and 52.2% respectively. The metal cutting machine tool industry realized a profit of 2.27 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 68.3%, and the output value margin was 5.0%, an increase of 1.1 percentage points year-on-year. In the first half of 2010, China's machine tool industry exports totaled US$3.11 billion. Although it has increased significantly from 2009, it is still 7.1% lower than the same period in 2008. The investment boom driven by the domestic economic stimulus plan has led to a significant increase in the import of machine tools. The import volume in the first half of 2010 increased by 12.7% compared with the same period of 2008. The import of cutting tools increased especially rapidly, reaching 530 million US dollars in the first half of the year, up 138.0 year-on-year. %. It should be noted that China's exports are cheap mid-range and low-end machine tools, while imports are expensive CNC and precision machine tools. As the situation of international economic development is still unclear, in the face of the complicated and ever-changing domestic and international situation, although the situation of China's machinery industry is good in the first half of this year, the trend is not optimistic. Compared with the manufacturing powers in the world, there is still a big gap in technology. It is necessary to study and improve product grades, increase high-end products, improve the level of manufacturing technology, and strive to innovate. In the post-financial crisis era, China's machine tool industry strives to achieve machine tools. The transformation of a big country to a machine tool powerhouse. The development of China's tool industry In 2005, China's consumption of knives was about 1.7 billion US dollars. In 2006, the consumption of knives was about 2 billion US dollars, of which about $1 billion was imported. In 2007, the tool industry developed at a high speed, and sales revenue increased by about 28%. In the first three quarters of 2008, the tool industry continued to develop at a high speed, with an increase of more than 20%, but the decline was obvious after October, but the annual growth was still above 12%. Affected by the global economic crisis, the tool industry continued to decline in the first half of 2009, but the overall economic situation has begun to pick up after July-August, and the tool industry has gradually improved. In recent years, although China's tool industry has not experienced much development, it is far behind the development of the machine tool industry. Most of the highly efficient advanced tools used in production are imported from abroad (including tools produced by foreign-owned enterprises in China). We also export a lot of knives now, but mainly cheap and low-grade standard knives. In 2004, China produced about 2.5 billion pieces of tools, of which 2 billion were cheap low-end tools (most of which were exported). In the next few years, the export is still basically low-end tools. In the US market, medium-sized twist drills cost about $10 each, while the low-end twist drills made in China on the market cost only $1 and are used as hand tools. China now has the world's largest automobile industry, but the high-efficiency production line imported from abroad by the automobile industry, 80% to 90% of the tools used are still imported tools (including domestic foreign-owned enterprise products). At present, the supply and sales of tool production in China is that high-end advanced tool products mainly rely on imports from abroad, while low-grade tool products have a vicious expansion (most of them), and this situation must be changed as soon as possible. China's machinery manufacturing industry uses a large number of standard tools, while developed countries use a large number of high-efficiency advanced tools, resulting in China's processing efficiency is far lower than abroad. China's tool factories still produce a large number of traditional standard knives. Some small tool factories also produce a large number of low-grade knives. According to statistics, China consumes 40% of the world's tool materials, and its sales revenue only accounts for 12% to 15% of the world's tool industry. The gross profit margin of foreign tool companies is around 40%, while the profit of China's tool factories is very low, and some tool factories are still losing money. At present, China's tool factories mainly produce traditional standard tools. From the perspective of the technological development trend of the machinery manufacturing industry, the proportion of high-efficiency CNC machine tools in China's factories will increase year by year, and the demand for high-efficiency and advanced tools will increase rapidly, and the demand for traditional standard tools will decrease year by year. In addition, due to the increase in labor costs in China, the price advantage of the middle and low-end standard tool exports will gradually be lost, and the export volume will certainly decrease. If the tool companies still produce traditional standard tools, the sales volume will gradually shrink. Some private small tool factories produce a large number of traditional standard tools. The large tool factories gradually lose this part of the market because of the high cost and the inability to compete. There will be no future. Therefore, China's tool industry must change its concept, vigorously develop the production of high-efficiency and advanced knives, replace domestic products with domestically efficient and advanced knives, recapture the market occupied by imported knives, and pay attention to after-sales production services. Only in this way can China's tool enterprises With the development prospects, China’s tool industry can be revitalized. Cutting tools and machine tools are two subsystems of the manufacturing technology system. They are independent development and complement each other, and continue to promote the improvement of labor productivity in the manufacturing industry. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, along with the rapid development of modern digital manufacturing technology, modern high-efficiency cutting tools featuring "high precision, high efficiency, high reliability and specialization" quickly replaced traditional standard cutting tools. As the final execution component of the digital manufacturing system, it plays a key role in the processing. Although its price is much higher than the traditional standard tool. However, due to its excellent performance, the processing quality and efficiency are greatly improved, so that the manufacturing industry can increase labor productivity and reduce costs, and obtain greater profits. According to statistics published by multinational groups, the annual cost of cutting and processing in the global manufacturing industry has reached more than 400 billion US dollars, of which the cost of cutting tools is about 20 billion US dollars. In recent years, the manufacturing industry in developed countries has adopted a large number of modern and efficient cutting tools to increase labor productivity. The annual cost savings for the manufacturing industry is 100 billion US dollars, far higher than the investment in tools. Therefore, all countries have developed modern and efficient tools as an important means to improve the competitiveness of manufacturing. The concept of “cutting tools are productivity, not consumables in the process of processing†has reached a consensus in developed countries, and the proportion of cutting tool consumption in manufacturing costs has reached 3% to 4%. In China's manufacturing industry, most companies still rely on cheap labor as the main means of reducing costs, and less focus on improving efficiency by improving processing methods to save costs. Therefore, the level of tool consumption in China's manufacturing industry is generally low, accounting for only 1 of the manufacturing cost. %~2%. Another fact worthy of attention is that in Germany, the United States, Japan and other manufacturing powers, the rules of modern CNC machine tools and efficient tools are coordinated and balanced. The purpose is to provide the best configuration for the manufacturing industry to fully utilize the equipment potential. And solutions. In developed countries, in the normal years of stable economic development, the annual scale of tool consumption is generally stable at around 1/2 of machine tool consumption. For example, when the annual consumption of machine tools is $6 billion, tool consumption is generally around $3 billion. Only in the years of economic recession will this ratio change as the size of the investment shrinks. However, the regularity of the coordinated development of such machine tools in developed countries has not appeared in China. Especially in the last 10 years, the consumption of machine tools in China's manufacturing industry has taken the lead, leaving tool consumption far behind. This strange phenomenon has become a feature of the development of China's machine tool industry. For example, in 2010, China's machine tool consumption reached a record level of 28.5 billion US dollars. In the same year, tool consumption was $5 billion, and tool consumption was only 18% of machine tool consumption. It is much lower than the level of about 50% in developed countries. The above figures illustrate a serious reality: At present, most of the enterprises in China's manufacturing industry are still promoting the development of equipment and expanding production capacity, and they have not made much effort to improve production efficiency. In essence, it is still a low level of expansion and extensive development. In this context, traditional cheap standard tools are still in high demand. Therefore, a large number of Chinese tool companies are still eager to continue the production pattern based on traditional standard tools, and there is not much sense of crisis. Thus, the expanding domestic modern high-efficiency tool market has been handed over to the powerful multinational tool group. The huge risks this situation poses to the development of the manufacturing industry are obvious. Of course, we should also see that since the beginning of the new century, China's manufacturing industry has also seen many bright spots in the process of modernization: a group of enterprises in the emerging manufacturing field have a strong demand for efficient processing to improve their competitiveness. Although they are still a minority in manufacturing, they represent the right direction.
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