Many people who are into home decoration often notice that wallpaper can sometimes emit a strong smell. For this reason, Sina Home Reviewers advise the public to be cautious about excessive formaldehyde levels in wallpaper. When purchasing wallpaper, it’s important to look closely, touch it, sniff it, and even wipe it to ensure its quality. Today, I’ll provide you with a general overview of wallpaper types to help avoid formaldehyde pollution.
First, we have pure paper wallpaper. These wallpapers are either embossed or printed directly onto a flat paper substrate. The paper substrate can be either single-layer or double-layered. Nowadays, more products are using double-layer paper composite technology for better results. The key features of pure paper wallpaper include excellent breathability, good environmental performance, and vivid colors.
Next, there’s PVC wallpaper. This category includes:
1. PVC-coated wallpaper (based on pure paper, non-woven fabric, or woven fabric). These wallpapers use a substrate of pure paper, non-woven fabric, or woven fabric, with PVC paste resin sprayed onto the surface. After processing through techniques like printing and embossing, they can create a strong three-dimensional effect and realistic textures, such as imitating wood grain, brocade, or tiles. They’re resistant to grease and moisture and can be used in kitchens and bathrooms.
2. PVC rubber surface wallpaper (based on pure paper or fabric). This wallpaper has a layer of polyvinyl chloride film on the bottom layer of pure paper (or non-woven fabric, woven fabric). It's made through processes like compounding, embossing, and printing. This type of wallpaper offers fine prints, embossed textures, waterproofing, durability, and ease of maintenance. It's widely used in both homes and businesses.
Then there’s non-woven wallpaper. This wallpaper is printed directly on the surface of various types of non-woven materials. The substrate can be single-layer or double-layer non-woven fabric, allowing for direct embossing, printing, or pressing on the surface. Its characteristics include soft colors, a soft feel, good breathability, tear resistance, and excellent space stability (anti-shrinkage properties). Construction doesn’t require high wall surface standards, and its lifespan is very long. During renovations, the entire wallpaper can be peeled off without damaging the wall.
There’s also natural fabric wallpaper. Made from natural materials like grass, wood, leaves, stones, bamboo, or precious tree wood, these wallpapers are cut into thin pieces or attached to the surface of pure paper or non-woven substrates. Some manufacturers also use silk, wool, cotton, or hemp fibers to create a very thin surface layer, bonded to a paper or non-woven base to form fabric wallpaper. This type of wallpaper is known for its simple, natural style, rich natural aroma, high environmental performance, absence of plastic smell, no static electricity, and good air permeability.
Metal texture wallpaper is another option. Composed primarily of gold and silver, this wallpaper achieves a metallic texture through vacuum coating and other processes, combined with traditional wallpaper production methods. The main features include a bright metallic texture, reflectivity, stable performance, no discoloration, high value, fireproofing, and water resistance.
Lastly, there are special material wallpapers. These are produced by manufacturers to meet diverse customer needs. Some are made by gluing materials like polyurethane particles, mica, sandstone, sandblasting, or crystals to the wallpaper surface, creating unique decorative and visual effects. Others incorporate functional substances like diatomaceous earth or negative ion materials during production, offering additional benefits like humidity control, moisturizing, antibacterial properties, mildew resistance, and air purification.
It’s worth noting that wallpaper pollution mainly comes from two sources. First, some materials in the wallpaper itself release volatile compounds like toluene, xylene, and formaldehyde. Plastic wallpapers (like polyvinyl chloride rubber wallpaper) may contain harmful substances such as lead, antimony, and vinyl chloride. Second, wallpaper adhesives can cause pollution. To improve permeability, manufacturers often use large amounts of volatile organic solvents, meaning adhesives might release formaldehyde, benzene, and vinyl chloride during the curing process.
Experts recommend checking the original box or the barcode of the entire roll of wallpaper before purchasing. When buying, look for color differences, wrinkles, or bubbles on the surface, check if the patterns are clear and uniformly colored, feel the texture and thickness of the paper, and sniff it to detect any strong odors—this could indicate high levels of volatile substances like formaldehyde or vinyl chloride. You can also wipe the wallpaper with a damp cloth to see if it discolors.
In addition to choosing quality wallpapers and furniture, maintaining indoor ventilation is crucial for reducing pollution. Even after ventilation, continued monitoring is essential.
This overview should help you choose safer, more environmentally friendly wallpaper options while minimizing potential health risks.
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