V2X Technology: Boosting Smart City Traffic to Fully Drive [Full Text]

With the rapid development of science and technology dynamic social economy, road safety issues have become increasingly prominent. According to the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon’s report on the road safety writing mechanism of the United Nations, nearly 1.3 million people are killed, 20 million to 50 million people are injured each year in global traffic accidents, causing economic losses of approximately US$518 billion to governments and individuals in various countries. The traffic safety situation in China is also very severe. At present, it is still at a high incidence of road traffic accidents. The total number of road traffic accident deaths is still very large. According to statistics on road traffic accidents in 2011, road traffic accidents still caused 62,000 deaths after drinking and driving were forbidden. The number of deaths due to traffic accidents ranked first in the world for ten consecutive years. How to reduce traffic accidents and reduce death has become a global concern.

In the face of frequent traffic accidents, the use of traditional methods such as upgrading the quality of transport infrastructure and strengthening traffic safety education has become increasingly limited. With the development of communication technologies, vehicles and vehicles, vehicles and Communication between infrastructure to enhance people's judgment of the vehicle's surrounding environment, when detecting the road to the first occurrence of the situation, to provide timely warning to the driver to avoid traffic collision has become a research hotspot of domestic and foreign research institutions and companies. People call this technology V2X car networking. The US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration pointed out that V2V safety technology for medium and light vehicles can avoid 80% of traffic accidents. V2V safety technology for heavy vehicles can avoid 71% of traffic accidents, and V21 can avoid 12% of road safety accidents through V2X vehicles. Networking can effectively reduce the losses caused by traffic accidents. To this end, the developed countries have invested a large amount of people's property to conduct research on the V2X vehicle networking technology and actively promote standardization.

The integration of intelligent transportation elements V2X can be understood as a wireless communication technology, emphasizing the exchange of data, which can achieve the exchange of information between cars and cars, cars and people, cars and infrastructure, cars and motorcycles. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) of the United States once predicted that V2V safety technology for medium and light vehicles can avoid 80% of traffic accidents. V2V safety technology for heavy vehicles can avoid 71% of traffic accidents, and V2I can avoid 12% of road safety accidents. , Through V2X car networking can effectively reduce the loss caused by traffic accidents.

With the development of electric steam trains, network technologies, Internet of Things technologies and other emerging technologies, the realization of smart transportation systems has become even more. The concept of a smart transportation system was born in the 1960s and 1970s. Its essence is to integrate all the factors involved in the transportation system, such as vehicles, users, and transportation facilities, and to coordinate with each other to make the most of it. These include vehicles and vehicles, vehicles and transportation facilities, vehicles and commerce, vehicles and power grids, and vehicles and users. The above content can be represented by fusion technology (VehicIe-to-X:V2X), that is, the importance of smart transportation systems. The foundation is V2X.

Traffic is a dynamic process. In order to achieve reasonable allocation of resources and rational planning, it is necessary to exchange information in real time. V2X vehicle networking technology supports road traffic safety applications that need to inform the surrounding vehicles through the timely and reliable vehicle-vehicle-vehicle-to-road communication of the vehicle's status information (especially the vehicle's position, speed, and direction information). Ways to perceive the collision risk, the key technologies involved include wireless communication technologies that can support real-time reliable communication of vehicles in a high-speed moving environment, vehicle state, especially vehicle location sensing technology, and massive vehicle state data processing and analysis technologies.

For how to communicate wirelessly and reduce traffic accidents, Nir Sasson, project leader of Autotalks, pointed out that when some drivers in the mountainous road sections or intersections are obstructed, the car can send a signal so that the car can receive the trajectory between the car and the car. This will effectively prevent traffic accidents.

Vehicles that can be interconnected within 2 km <br><br> In addition to security, the V2X also helps reduce traffic congestion and vehicle emissions. As an example, NirSasson pointed out that when arriving at a traffic intersection, the driver will consciously slow down because I don't know when traffic lights will change. Traffic facilities equipped with V2X modules, such as traffic lights, can signal the car and recommend how fast the car can pass or slow down. This reduces the frequent deceleration and acceleration of the car.

To achieve these require communication reliability, overall security and positioning accuracy. At present, V2X's satellite navigation and positioning system includes GPS in the United States, Beidou in China, Galileo in Europe, GLONASS in Russia, and QZSS in Japan, which can achieve communication positioning even when the traditional WIFI information is not good. At the same time, in combination with ST's sensors, it is possible to connect vehicles and roads within 2 km of each other in the case of a wide-open traffic sight; when there are blocked roads or sight lines in the city, such as large trucks in front or cornering, etc. Predict the traffic within 500 meters.

The realization of the above functions is due to the technical complementarity between Autotalks and ST. Maddalena Brattoli, marketing manager of ST Automotive Information MCU products, points out that technically, it integrates WLAN, data security and CAN communication system knowledge and automotive processor technology to provide ASIL BG total solution. At the same time, ST's Tesco positioning technology enables the integration of V2X, telematics, and ADAS systems.

2030, or fully automatic driving <br> <br> Currently, the United States, the European Union, the Asia-Pacific region has begun to promote the application of V2X technology. For specific promotion, NirSasson explained that there are regulations in the United States that in the future, whether it is a US-made vehicle or a vehicle sold in the United States, V2X modules must be added. At the same time, in the European Union's 2016 corridor plan, the EU will load V2X modules along the infrastructure. In the Asia-Pacific region, Korea and Singapore will deploy V2X modules in 2017 and 2018 respectively.

In addition to government-level promotion, automakers have also begun to act. The automaker has planned to launch a new V2X car to prepare for the adoption of US regulations. For example, Audi has partnered with Autotalks to integrate the V2X project into a small roof antenna. At the same time, one and two suppliers are developing embedded systems and retrofit upgrade modules.

In the 1990s, some universities and transportation research institutions in China began to track the development of international intelligent transportation systems. The Ministry of Communications also incorporated the research of intelligent transportation systems into the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” for the development of highways and water transportation technologies and the development of 2010. Outline. Research in the field of V2X car networking has just started. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period, related projects such as “Study on Key Technologies for Smart Vehicles and Roads Cooperation” were set up, and the system architecture and application definition of the Vehicular Network were studied. Some results were obtained, but key technologies for V2X vehicle networking were established. Such as V2X dedicated communication technology, high-precision real-time positioning technology still needs to be a breakthrough.

It is understood that from the perspective of the development speed and potential of China's car networking, it is expected that in 2020 China will have more than 20 million vehicles connected. Edoardo Merli, director of market applications for ST Automotive Products Division of Greater China and South Asia, pointed out: “This is mainly due to several market drivers. First, China’s auto output growth rate is faster than the world’s. Second, domestic vehicle manufacturers’ investment in vehicle interconnection increases; The government promotes the intelligent construction of public transportation and requires school buses, buses and other vehicles to install vehicle networking equipment to achieve emergency rescue and tracking of vehicles."

Automotive interconnection is a key technology for realizing unmanned driving, and V2X technology is a step forward for the realization of unmanned driving technology. According to the evolution of technology, highly automated driving technology will emerge in the future, and full-automatic driving will be realized in 2030.

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