An inverter functions as a DC-to-AC transformer, essentially performing a voltage inversion process through a converter.
The inverter (Fig. 1) is composed of two main parts: the converter and the inverter itself. The converter takes the grid’s AC voltage and converts it into a stable 12V DC output. Then, the inverter transforms this 12V DC power from the adapter into high-frequency AC electricity. Both components are essential for the system to function properly. Today, most systems use Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology, which helps regulate the output efficiently. The core of this system is a PWM integrated controller. The adapter typically uses the UC3842 chip, while the inverter uses the TL5001. The TL5001 operates within a wide voltage range of 3.6V to 40V and includes features such as an error amplifier, a regulator, an oscillator, a PWM generator with dead-band control, low-voltage protection, and short-circuit protection.
The input interface section includes three signals: a 12V DC input (VIN), a working enable voltage (ENB), and a panel current control signal (DIM). VIN is provided by the adapter, ENB comes from the MCU on the main board, and its value can be either 0V or 3V. When ENB is 0V, the inverter is inactive, but when it's 3V, the inverter operates normally. The DIM signal, also coming from the main board, varies between 0V and 5V. This signal is fed back to the PWM controller, which adjusts the current supplied to the load accordingly. A lower DIM value results in a higher current output from the inverter.
The voltage start circuit activates when ENB is high, ensuring that the backlight of the panel is illuminated.
The PWM controller performs several critical tasks, including providing an internal reference voltage, an error amplifier, an oscillator, a PWM generator, overvoltage and undervoltage protection, short-circuit protection, and an output transistor.
In the DC conversion stage, a MOSFET switch and an energy storage inductor work together to create a voltage conversion circuit. The input pulse is first amplified by a push-pull amplifier and then used to drive the MOSFET, enabling it to switch on and off. This switching action allows the DC voltage to charge and discharge the inductor, creating a varying voltage at the other end of the inductor.
The LC oscillation and output circuit ensures that the lamp receives the required 1600V to start, and once the lamp is lit, the voltage is reduced to around 800V.
The output voltage feedback mechanism monitors the load and sends a sampled voltage back to the inverter, helping to stabilize the output voltage.
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