Feed plays an important role in animal growth. Good feed products depend not only on quality feed ingredients and reasonable feed formulations, but also on appropriate feed processing techniques. The purpose of feed processing is to improve the quality and feeding value of the feed. The suckling pig has a fast growth rate, strong metabolism, high nutritional requirements, and the development of the digestive system is imperfect and the immune system is not perfect. These characteristics cause the pig's digestive capacity, disease resistance and ability to regulate body temperature, which puts higher requirements on the feed level of suckling pigs. Feeds produced by different processing techniques have different effects on the growth performance of suckling pigs. The formula and production process should be rationally designed according to the growth needs of different stages. Only through targeted design can we make full use of the nutritional value of feed and rationally reduce costs to maximize economic benefits.
1 Traditional Craft
The traditional feed processing technology mainly includes two methods: first, after pulverizing, and after smashing. The processing techniques for different types of feeds are different, but no matter which method is adopted, it mainly includes processes such as crushing, mixing, quenching, granulating, cooling and packing. The traditional process is relatively simple, but the final gelatinization degree of the pig material is
(The degree of ripening) is low, and the palatability is poor. The digestibility of piglets after feeding is low, which affects the breeding efficiency. In addition, during the quenching and tempering process, heat sensitive elements such as whey powder are destroyed, which affects the final quality of the pellets.
2 expansion low temperature granulation process
The expansion low temperature granulation process is a new type of feed processing technology. The expander and the extruder use the heat, water and friction to mature the feed ingredients. The expansion process includes processes such as pulverization, mixing, expansion, cooling, pulverization, mixing, quenching, granulating, cooling and packaging. The advantages are that it can increase productivity, reduce energy consumption, and release nutrients from raw materials and improve digestion of nutrients. rate. A large number of experiments have shown that the expansion and expansion process can improve the production performance of piglets, finishing pigs and suckling sows. Moreover, the process is complicated, the loss of nutrient material is small, the anti-nutritional factor is effectively eliminated, the cost of the heat-sensitive raw material can be reduced, and the activity of the functional substance can be maintained. However, the degree of ripening is insufficient, generally only about 50%, and the detoxification performance is insufficient, and the improvement of the palatability of the teaching material is insufficient.
3 Professional raw material expansion and low temperature granulation process
This process is currently widely used, and the expansion is accomplished by combining water, pressure, temperature and mechanical shear. The temperature inside the casing is as high as 90 to 200 ° C, and the expansion time is 2 to 30 seconds. The bulking product undergoes a series of physical and chemical changes, such as starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, and enzymes, toxic components, and microbial inactivation. It is characterized by reducing the content of anti-nutritional factors, improving the digestibility of feed, improving the palatability of feed, and improving the performance and feed utilization of animals, especially young animals. Different raw materials can be processed accordingly to achieve different ripening effects. The gelatinization degree of the processing materials of the extruder can be adjusted between 50% and 95% according to the needs. Soybeans, soybean meal and other raw materials are thoroughly detoxified. After the expansion, heat allergy is added. The elements and nutrients are well preserved.
4 Production Process Comparison
In summary, different feed processing techniques are important for the product characteristics of the feed. One of the key factors affecting the growth of suckling pigs is the gelatinization degree of corn starch, which improves the gelatinization degree of corn starch, can effectively improve the palatability of feed, increase the attractability of feed, and improve energy and digestion and absorption rate. Recent studies have shown that the degree of gelatinization of the particles has a huge impact on the performance of the animal. Some data show that increasing the gelatinization degree by 5% to 10% can increase the animal's performance by 3% to 5%, and has the same effect on suckling pigs. However, when the starch gelatinization degree exceeds 95%, the starch aging increases, and the digestibility decreases. Second, soybean puffing can destroy the primary structure of the protein, degrading a part of the peptide and increasing the protein digestibility. At the same time, it can destroy anti-nutritional factors and reduce anti-trypsin activity. It also ruptures fat cells and improves energy digestion and utilization. Studies have shown that when the puffing temperature of soybean is about 165 °C, the urease activity and trypsin inhibitor content are at a low level, and the feeding effect is the best. Considering the particularity of each pig's growth period, the growth of suckling pigs is divided into two stages, that is, 7 days old to weaning is the stage of suckling piglets, and weaning to 25kg is the stage of sucking pigs. The formula and production process should be rationally designed according to the growth needs of different stages. Only through targeted design can we rationally reduce costs and maximize economic benefits. According to the discussion of several processing techniques, the suitable processing technology for suckling pig feed at different stages is: using milk powder (single raw material puffing + mixed expansion + ultrafine pulverization) within 2 days from weaning, using pellets within 2 to 7 days (single raw material) Puffing + mixed expansion + low temperature granulation), 7 ~ 25kg using pellets (mixed expansion + low temperature granulation).
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