At the beginning of the new year, we have to go back and check it out. In the past year, how hard has it been? Especially in the past year, the external environment we faced can be said to be the most severe year since the 2008 financial crisis. The Chinese economy faces various risk challenges. Let's work hard together, work together, and hand out a copy of the answer sheet? Yesterday (21st), the National Bureau of Statistics announced the main indicators of the 2018 national economic operation.
In 2018, China's national economic operation remained in a reasonable range, and the overall situation was stable and stable.
The word "stable" can be said to be a prominent feature of China's economy in 2018. The first "stable" is reflected in the steady growth of the economy.
Let's first review the total economic volume in 2017. In 2017, China’s total economic output was 82 trillion. In 2018, preliminary accounting, the annual gross domestic product reached 900.309 billion yuan, the total amount of China's economy exceeded 90 trillion for the first time, calculated at comparable prices, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year. This kind of economic aggregate and growth rate is a very good transcript.
Chen Qiqing, a professor at the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, said: "From a global comparison, 6.6% is also very rare. For example, today's major economies in the world, the United States, Europe, Japan, and China include some developments. Country, the United States in 2018 this year, everyone thinks that its economic growth rate is roughly 3%, the euro zone may be 2%, Japan may be 1%, according to this economic growth rate to compare, we 6.6% is already quite high ""
Mao Shengyong, a spokesperson for the National Bureau of Statistics, said that the growth rate of 6.6 was achieved on the basis of an increasingly large base. Our total economic output in 2017 was 82 trillion, and the plates were getting bigger and bigger, with a percentage point increase. The increase it brings is getting bigger and bigger, so this growth should be said to be very good, and it is even better than the development goals set at the beginning of the year.
The growth rate of GDP was quarterly. The first quarter increased by 6.8%, the second quarter increased by 6.7%, the third quarter increased by 6.5%, and the fourth quarter increased by 6.4%. Although it declined slightly, it was stable at 6.6% for the whole year. Economic growth has formed a stable situation.
In 2018, international trade protectionism and unilateralism rose, and anti-globalization thoughts began to rise, and the external environment of economic development became increasingly complex. At the same time, the domestic economy is also in the period of growth rate shift, structural adjustment pain period, the digestive period of the side effects of stimulating economic policies in the past, such a special period of three phases. In this intricate situation, China's annual economic output exceeded 90 trillion, and the growth rate was stable at 6.6%, which is hard to come by.
A stable economic growth rate is not only of great significance to China's comprehensive construction of a well-off society in 2020, but also an important support for the development of the world economy.
Yao Jingyuan, a special researcher at the State Council Counselor's Office, said: "We are now in the second position of the world's total economic output. Our contribution rate to the world's economic growth last year was 30%. We all know that the whole world economy was a complicated year last year. It is a downturn, and China is still the most important engine for world economic development."
Chen Qiqing said: "We are changing from an exporting country to a very important importing country in the world. We are importing a large amount of goods from all over the world. For example, the growth rate of Chinese imports in 2018 is far faster than the growth rate of exports. We 11 In the month, an import fair was also held. Imports are pulling on the growth of the world economy. Its power is enormous. China, including today, is gradually transforming itself into a foreign direct investment country from a country that attracts foreign investment, with hundreds of billions of dollars a year. Investing in the world, this investment has actually made a fruitful contribution to the local economic development of many countries.
The second "stable" economy in 2018 is the steady employment situation. Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood. China has a large population base and employment has always been a prominent problem. According to incomplete statistics, in 2018, there were 8.2 million university graduates, 500,000 postgraduates, and 400,000 returned overseas students. The pressure on employment is very high. However, under this circumstance, the number of new jobs in urban areas last year was 13.61 million, an increase of 100,000 over the previous year, and remained at more than 13 million for six consecutive years, completing 123.7% of the annual target.
The third "stable" is the stable market price.
In recent years, inflation and deflation have become the most worrying things in the economic world. The goal set in 2018 is to keep the overall price level within 3%. Statistics show that consumer prices in the whole year of 2018 increased by 2.1% over the previous year, which is in a moderate range of rise, below the expected target of around 3%. Prices are basically stable.
Yao Jingyuan said: "Everyone knows that in the past China's price rise, more is the rise in food prices, it has a relatively large weight, but last year, our food prices were generally low, although the price of beef and mutton has increased this year, but The price of pork is falling, and fresh fruit and water products are stable."
Stable growth, stable employment, and stable prices have stabilized the people's livelihood and stabilized the overall situation. And stability is for better progress. The Party’s 19th National Congress made a judgment that China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. The central government's demand for economic work in 2018 is to strive for stability. At the same time that the economic performance of the past year was stable, it also showed an aggressive trend. Then, in the economic data, what are the manifestations of stability and progress?
In 2018, China's economic operation has progressed steadily, first in the industrial structure. The data show that in 2018, the added value of China's high-tech manufacturing, strategic emerging industries and equipment manufacturing increased by 11.7%, 8.9% and 8.1% respectively over the previous year, and the growth rate was 5.5, 2.7 and 1.9 faster than the above-scale industries respectively. percentage point.
Zhang Lianqi, an economist, believes: "What does this growth mean? It is forming an orderly transformation between it and traditional kinetic energy. This transformation shows that there are more muscles, blood flow is faster, and endogenous power is coming. This is us. The eight words of the supply-side structural reforms nowadays have enhanced endogenous motivation and enhanced the endogenous motivation of market players in particular."
Steady progress, but also reflected in the rapid development of the service industry. In 2018, the added value of the tertiary industry accounted for 52.2% of the GDP in the whole year, up 0.3 percentage points over the previous year, 11.5 percentage points higher than the secondary industry; and the contribution rate to GDP growth was 59.7%. , an increase of 0.1 percentage points over the previous year.
Steady progress, but also reflected in the improvement of the endogenous power of economic development. Consumption as a main driving force for economic growth was further consolidated. The contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to GDP growth was 76.2%, an increase of 18.6 percentage points over the previous year and higher than the total capital formation of 43.8 percentage points. Consumption has become the first driving force for China's economic growth.
Steady progress has also been reflected in the deepening of structural reforms on the supply side. De-capacity, steel and coal annual de-capacity tasks are completed ahead of schedule. De-leverage, corporate asset-liability ratio fell. At the end of November, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 56.8%, down 0.4 percentage points year-on-year.
In terms of destocking, the area of ​​sale of commercial housing at the end of the year decreased by 11.0% from the end of the previous year. In terms of cost reduction, corporate costs continue to decline through tax cuts and fee reductions. From January to November, the cost per 100 yuan of main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 84.19 yuan, a decrease of 0.21 yuan over the same period of the previous year.
Zhang Lianqi said: "I have reduced it into 6 words, which is called: can be perceived, there is temperature. If it is said to reduce 1.3 trillion in 2018, what does it mean? To benefit the manufacturing industry and small and micro enterprises. In other words, focusing on manufacturing and small and micro enterprises, because this is an important component and foundation of our country's manufacturing power, solving this problem has solved the problem of deep integration of our advanced manufacturing industry and modern service industry, and solved our stability. The problem of Zhiyuan."
In terms of short-boarding, investment in weak links has grown rapidly. The annual ecological protection and environmental management industry and agricultural investment increased by 43.0% and 15.4% respectively, which were faster than the total investment of 37.1 and 9.5 percentage points respectively.
Mao Shengyong said: "We are now increasing our macroeconomic regulation and control, including reform and opening up. In fact, our political dividends, the dividends of reform and opening up, including the dividends of talents, will continue to emerge, so I think from 2019, China still has the conditions to maintain such a steady growth. At the same time, in the medium and long term, this long-term positive fundamentals should be said to be unchanged."
Counting the past is to make it clearer what to stick to and what to adjust. This transcript of 2018 is hard to come by. However, we must also see that the economic operation is stable and volatile, the external environment is complicated and severe, and the economy is facing downward pressure. 2019 is a crucial year for building a well-off society in an all-round way. We must have a strategic determination, but we must have a sense of urgency. It is necessary to prepare for the rainy day, properly cope with it, up and down the same heart, and overcome difficulties, in order to maintain sustained and healthy economic development and overall social stability, and lay a decisive foundation for the completion of a well-off society.
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