In recent years, with the gradual improvement of our material living standards, various new composite building materials have also entered private homes from public places, and people pay more attention to the environment and care for health. The radioactivity of various materials is naturally becoming more and more eye-catching.
Natural marble and granite, due to its abundant resources, high quality, low price and good quality, wide range of use, eye-catching use position, close to the people's home life, natural stone has become the new favorite in home decoration materials. The development speed in recent years is amazing, and it has aroused people's general concern.
However, the claim that the natural stone is harmful is repeatedly exaggerated, so that consumers who choose stone as decorative materials have a psychological fear. Radioactivity has become a trade-off criterion for the choice of stone as a decorative material. People, stone radioactivity has become a spiritual burden in their daily lives.
Therefore, in order to better help and guide consumers to correctly understand and evaluate the launchability of stone, the reporter learned some things from the Shanghai Stone Industry Association.
The radioactivity of matter in nature is not terrible
Radiation on Earth preceded the birth of mankind, meaning that humans have proliferated for hundreds of thousands of years in environments with radioactive phenomena. Almost everything on Earth contains radioactive elements, including our own. Stone is taken from nature, and it contains radioactive substances. This is a natural phenomenon. It is normal. We should treat the radioactivity of stone with a scientific normal heart. It is not necessary to make a fuss.
Most of China's stone is safe
Stone radioactivity refers to the radioactive substances produced by the three radioactive elements of radium, thorium and potassium contained in the stone, which are mainly “氡†gas. If the content of the decayable substance is too large, that is, the "specific activity" of the radioactive substance is too high, it is harmful to the human body. At present, countries around the world have basically established standards for stone radioactivity. In terms of numerical standards, the standards of China and Poland are the most stringent. The test data of the Hot Gas National Building Materials Bureau Geological Exploration Center and the Industrial Hygiene Laboratory of the Ministry of Health indicate that the specific activity of granite stone is higher than that of marble and slate. From the color of the stone, the specific activity from high to low is red, flesh red, gray white, white and black stone. However, most of the stones tested in China are safe.
Distinguish the three types of stone standards A, B and C
According to the building materials industry standard "JC518-93 Natural Stone Products Radioactive Protection Classification Control Standard" jointly formulated by the National Building Materials Bureau and the Ministry of Health, the stone is divided into three categories according to the radioactive specific activity: A, B, and C. The classification control value, and the three categories A, B, and C belong to the standard stone, but the scope of use is different. The standard stipulates that Class A stone materials with relatively small specific activity of radioactivity are not limited in scope of use; Class B stone materials with relatively high specific activity of radioactivity are not suitable for indoor interior decoration, but can be used for everything else. The interior and exterior finishes of the building; Class C stone materials with higher radioactivity specific activity can only be used for exterior finishes, seawalls, piers and monuments, gardens and other exterior decoration materials. Therefore, it cannot be said in general terms that B and C stone materials are super-standard stones.
The extent to which stone radioactivity affects human health
The space in which we live, live and work is almost all building materials. The raw materials for the production of building materials are taken from the natural world. The raw ore of stone is taken from the mine, and its essence is the same. In general, the level of radioactivity of natural stone is low-dose radiation and cannot and will never lead to deterministic effects soon (in the short term). Conversely, radioactive high-dose irradiation definitely causes a definite effect on human health. For low-dose irradiation of natural stone, cancer may occur, and the probability of cancer increases with increasing dose. It is a few hundred thousandths. This risk is no higher than the danger of doing transportation such as cars and trains.
Good indoor ventilation is the easiest and most effective way to eliminate all radiation.
If you do not understand the state of radioactive materials in natural stone, or accidentally mistakenly decorate "B" products in your home, you should not be alarmed. As long as you pay attention to indoor ventilation and keep indoor air fresh, the problem will be solved. Taking the case of radioactive cesium gas in the human body as an example, the actual test shows that the content of helium in a room that completely closes the door and window for one night has reached 151 Baker/m3 (standard than ≤100 Beck/m3 of "C class" products). In the case of more than 51%), after one hour of ventilation through the window, the content of bismuth decreased to 49 Baker/m3, which fully complies with the requirements of “Class A†products ≤ 70 Baker/m3. It can be seen how important ventilation is to eliminating radiation!
It is necessary to point out that the use of natural stone decoration of the room, do not blame all the indoor pollution on natural stone, mistakenly believe that it is the only "source of pollution" and take "demolition" and other measures. In fact, even in homes that are not decorated with natural stone, there are also radioactive materials and many pollutants. This is because:
(1) The helium gas existing in the soil is always released to the outside, so the radon content in the basement and semi-basement of the bungalows and buildings is relatively high;
(2) In the wall bricks made from coal ash slag, the water content of the radioactive material is sometimes higher than that of the granite with some special minerals (eg, the actual test data indicates: γ of the ash brick) The radiation rate is 25.03 ur / h, and the gamma radiation rate of granite is 23.17 ur / h);
(3) In the paints and decoration materials of various chemical substances used in interior decoration, some harmful gases are continuously released, especially formaldehyde and benzene are the most harmful to the human body.
(4) A variety of household appliances (television, refrigerator, computer, air conditioner, microwave oven, etc.) must constantly release a small amount of micro-radiation.
It can be seen that indoor pollution is multi-source and is by no means a source of natural stone. The most effective way to eliminate all indoor pollutants (radioactive radiation, radon and various harmful gases) is to strengthen indoor ventilation. After getting up in the morning, open the window for half an hour~1 hour, so that all kinds of pollution accumulated in one night The dirty air and the fresh outdoor air are fully circulated to ensure that the indoor air is fresh during the day, and the window is still open for half an hour to one hour before going to sleep every night to ensure that the whole family sleeps comfortably and safely at night. From this point of view, the installation of a "fully enclosed" room with air conditioning does not have much benefit to the body. Because at the moderate temperature, feeling "not cold, not hot and comfortable", but hidden and neglected the indoor air pollution (including bacteria), the fact that the concentration of pollutants is large, this is the reason for the "air conditioning disease." The most effective way to solve and prevent "air conditioning disease" is to strengthen indoor ventilation. Only indoor ventilation is good, whether it is the pollutants formed by natural stone or other pollutants from various sources, it can be eliminated and completely eliminated.
It can be seen that natural stone is a kind of high-grade decorative material. The reasonable matching design can create an elegant, harmonious and natural office and home atmosphere, and it has many natural decorative effects that are incomparable with synthetic decorative materials. It plays a very important role in decorative materials. As long as we correctly understand the radioactivity of stone, the correct use of decorative stone will not only affect people's health, but also beautify our living environment and add to our life.
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