Zinc supplementation
Although vegetable production needs zinc supplementation, it does not mean that the more zinc fertilizer is used, the better the vegetable farmers must supplement the zinc fertilizer.
Do not apply excessively. The reason why zinc fertilizer is micro-fertilizer is that the crop needs less of it, and the application rate is too toxic to the crops. Some vegetable farmers apply zinc sulphate 3 kg when using the base fertilizer, and the leaf foliar is also frequently supplemented with zinc fertilizer. With zinc sulphate reaching 250 grams), the crop growth is stagnant, the leaves are small and thin, affecting normal photosynthesis.
Do not apply continuously in the base fertilizer. Zinc fertilizer is generally effective for a long period of time. It can be used for one to two years. In addition to severe zinc-deficient soils, it is recommended that zinc fertilizer be applied once a year. However, in actual production, the vegetable farmers will apply zinc fertilizer to the bottom of each vegetable before it is planted, resulting in the application of zinc fertilizer twice in one year, so that the amount of residual zinc in the soil is too large, and the absorption of other elements by the soil is inhibited.
Do not mix with alkaline fertilizers or alkaline pesticides. When zinc is mixed with alkaline fertilizer, it will react and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Similarly, when zinc is mixed with alkaline pesticides, the effectiveness of zinc and the efficacy of pesticides are also reduced. Moreover, if the zinc fertilizer is mixed with the phosphate fertilizer, it is easy to form a zinc phosphate precipitate, which not only reduces the effectiveness of the zinc, but also reduces the fertilizer effect of the phosphorus, so the two should not be used at the same time. Therefore, when zinc fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, whether it is a large number of vegetables or more than one year of cultivation, it can be applied once at the end of the year. According to the degree of zinc deficiency in the soil, 0.5 to 2 kg of zinc sulfate per acre is applied as the base fertilizer. For topdressing, use 0.75 to 1 kg of zinc sulfate per acre to mix with appropriate amount of fine soil; for foliar application, use 90-180 g of zinc sulfate per acre to spray 60 kg of water on a sunny day. When used, it is best to use it alone to avoid reacting with other chemical fertilizers and affecting the absorption of zinc by crops.
Calcium
Vegetables are hi-lime crops. When planting, people tend to pay attention to the application of NPK fertilizers, but most of the application of calcium fertilizers has not received much attention. With the emergence of a large number of facilities, it is more likely to cause calcium deficiency in the greenhouse soil. According to the test, when producing greenhouse vegetables, the rational application of calcium fertilizer can generally increase production by 10% to 20%. The application of calcium fertilizer in vegetables can increase the calcium content in the plant, and it can maintain the appearance of bright color for a long time, and the appearance quality and internal quality are obviously improved. In addition, calcium deficiency is an important cause of many vegetables becoming sick and rot.
The cause of calcium deficiency. The low content of available calcium in the soil can not meet the needs of vegetables for calcium; the high content of salt in the soil inhibits the absorption of water and calcium by the roots, especially in the acidic red soil and yellow loam, which is affected by acidity. Calcium absorption; soil solution concentration is too high, or the presence of a large amount of ammonium nitrogen will hinder the absorption of calcium; the soil layer is shallow, especially the sandy soil has poor water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, and the amount of calcium loss is large; In this case, excessive nitrogen fertilizer will reduce the effectiveness of soil calcium. At the same time, calcium moves slowly in the body of plants, so the nutritional problem of calcium deficiency in vegetables has become a prominent problem in cultivation.
Vegetables are deficient in calcium, and are generally prone to calcium deficiency in young leaves and young tissues and fruits. The symptoms are as follows: the new parts of the plant such as the top buds, the root hair growth stagnation, atrophy and death; the new leaves are stuck, and the new leaves are not normally unfolded, the new leaves are often focal and the incompleteness is incomplete; the plants are short and soft, and the internodes are shortened; the top of the fruit is prone to appear. Depression, dark brown necrosis; growth point necrosis when severe calcium deficiency.
Vegetable crops are supplemented with calcium fertilizer. First, it is necessary to rationally choose calcium fertilizer varieties. Different calcium fertilizers have different properties. The pH value of the soil in the greenhouse is mostly 6.5~7.5. Basic substances or neutral fertilizers, such as slaked lime and calcium nitrate, should be applied. With acidic or physiologically acidic substances, lime and other fertilizers contain calcium nutrients. Common phosphate fertilizers such as superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate and heavy superphosphate are also important sources of calcium fertilizer. Both bone powder and grass ash contain a certain amount of calcium, which is also a source of calcium that can not be ignored, and can be selected according to the situation. The second is the period of fertilization. After the growth of vegetables into the prolonged period, the soil calcium nutrition began to decrease, and the calcium in the leaves began to decrease. At this time, the application of calcium fertilizer was the best period. Therefore, in the production of calcium deficiency in the early stage to prevent the growth of vegetables, base application can be used. In the sheds that have been planted for many years, 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to the mu, and 30-45 kg of superphosphate is added. The third is the fertilization method. For the acidity of the open field or greenhouse vegetables, the method of re-applying the base fertilizer is adopted, that is, 100 kg of wood ash per mu or 50 kg of slaked lime can play the role of regulating soil pH. The specific method is to spread the organic fertilizer with slaked lime or grass ash, apply it evenly on the ground surface, and plow it into the ground.
For vegetables in the growing season, especially after entering the vigorous growth period, the method of topdressing can be used to supplement calcium nutrition. Generally, 40-60 kg of slaked lime is used per mu, and the amount of lime in sandy soil is appropriately reduced. It can not only supplement calcium, but also help to neutralize soil acidity, increase pH and improve soil aggregate structure. It can also remove 80 kg of slaked lime or 50 kg of grass ash, uncover one end of the membrane, ditch 10 cm deep, and apply fertilizer. Watering at the bottom of the ditch, covering the soil with water after seeping. Or deep ploughing and using the method of mulching and mulching cultivation to enhance its water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, maintain the relative stability of soil moisture, and reduce the loss of calcium. It can also be combined with disease-proof spraying to supplement calcium by foliar topdressing. The topdressing concentration is generally 0.3%~0.5%. Generally, 0.1%~0.2% calcium nitrate or 1% superphosphate can be sprayed, sprayed once every 15 days, and even sprayed 3~4 times, the effect is better.
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