Fine chemicals play a vital role in various sectors such as industry, agriculture, national defense, daily life, and advanced science. As a key component of the chemical industry, it is crucial for economic development and the well-being of society. The two oil crises of the 1970s prompted many countries to re-evaluate their strategies for refining the chemical sector, highlighting the strategic importance of developing fine chemicals for national stability and economic growth.
The fine chemical production rate, also known as the fineness rate, is calculated as:
(Total value of fine chemical products / Total value of all chemical products) × 100%
Over the decades, several developed countries have significantly increased their fine chemical output. For instance, the U.S. raised its rate from 40% in the 1970s to 53% by the 1990s, while Germany improved from 38.4% to 56%. Japan reached an impressive 57%. Experts predict that by the 21st century, developed nations will maintain a refined rate of around 60% to 65%. In contrast, China’s current rate stands at just 28%, which means the country relies heavily on imports for high-value chemicals needed in petrochemicals and other industries. This dependency costs billions of dollars annually in foreign exchange, underscoring the urgent need for China to boost its fine chemical sector.
To understand the broader impact of fine chemicals on the economy, we can look at different fields where they are essential:
Agriculture
Agriculture remains a cornerstone of the national economy, with high-efficiency farming becoming a global trend. To achieve this, efficient pesticides, veterinary drugs, feed additives, fertilizers, and trace elements are necessary. Pesticides alone include a wide range of products such as insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, and biological pesticides. Globally, pests and diseases cause over one-third of potential crop losses. The benefits of using pesticides often exceed their costs by more than five times, and herbicides can provide up to ten times the return compared to manual weeding. Veterinary drugs and feed additives help animals grow faster, stay healthier, and increase productivity, leading to significant economic returns.
Light Industry
As living standards rise, consumer demands have evolved from basic necessities to high-end products. Everything from cosmetics to household cleaners now emphasizes efficiency, quality, and affordability. Cosmetics, for example, come in countless varieties—skincare, hair care, makeup, sunscreens, and more. Personal hygiene products have also expanded, offering everything from soaps and detergents to specialized air fresheners and deodorants. Surfactants, which are used in many applications, are among the most widely used substances in the fine chemical industry. Additives, flavorings, dyes, and auxiliaries are essential in sectors like food, leather, paper, and textiles. In short, the light industry and daily consumer goods represent a massive market for fine chemicals, making them a critical part of modern life.
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