Photovoltaic roof is the use of photovoltaic modules (solar cells) installed on the top of the building to convert light energy into electricity for use by electrical appliances. The combination of photovoltaic and building has the following two methods, all of which can be converted into power generation systems through inverters and control devices.
(1) A combination of a building and a photovoltaic system is to install a packaged photovoltaic module (plate or curved panel) on the roof of a residential house or building to form a photovoltaic power generation system.
(2) Another is the combination of building and photovoltaic devices. It integrates photovoltaic devices and building materials, ie, BIPV. For example, solar PV cells can be made into photovoltaic glass curtain walls, solar battery tiles, and solar energy waterproof. Rolls, etc., integrating practicality and decorative landscaping into one, achieving energy-saving and environmental-friendly effects, are the trend of the development of photovoltaic building integration in the future.
Photovoltaic roof systems are divided into two major categories: grid-connected photovoltaic roof systems and off-grid photovoltaic roof systems.
Grid-connected photovoltaic roof system:
The grid-connected photovoltaic roof system consists of photovoltaic modules, grid-connected inverters, and control devices. Photovoltaic modules convert solar energy into DC electrical energy, and the grid-connected inverter power supply converts the DC electrical energy into an AC power supply load that is in phase with the same frequency of the power grid and is used in the grid and fed into the grid. Grid-connected power generation is exactly what the country currently supports, and it can be used for its own sake. Excess electricity can be sold to the country.
Off-grid does not enjoy these benefits. Since last year, China Electric Power Group has launched a one-stop service platform for photovoltaic power generation systems - Photovoltaic, providing users with comprehensive and professional solutions from project consultation to after-sales service. Recently, in order to celebrate the selection of the Jiangxi Gamer Rooftop Demonstration Project Supplier by the two subsidiary companies of the CLP, the Group decided that residents of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, could enjoy a 500-yuan concession as long as they had booked and installed the photovoltaic power generation system on the PV Easy site!
The grid-connected photovoltaic roof system is divided according to the equipment and installation conditions, which can be divided into two types: centralized and distributed. According to whether it is allowed to reversely generate power to the utility grid, it is divided into a reversible flow grid-connected system and a irreversible flow grid-connected system. According to the output can be divided into single-phase and three-phase grid-connected systems.
Centralized grid-connected power generation: This grid-connected mode is suitable for installing photovoltaic arrays with the same orientation and the same specifications on a building. In the electrical design, a single inverter centralized grid-connected power generation scheme is used to realize the networking function.
Advantages: Simple structure, convenient construction Disadvantages: Failure of the inverter can not work The system can not make full use of solar energy distributed generation and grid-connected power generation: This grid-connected mode is suitable for installing photovoltaic arrays with different orientation or different specifications on buildings. In the electrical design, PV arrays with the same orientation and the same specifications can be collectively connected to the grid for power generation through a single inverter, and multiple inverter distributed grid-connected power generation schemes can be used to realize the networking function.
Advantages: Can make full use of solar energy When one inverter fails, other parts can still be used.
Disadvantages: Relatively complex installation and commissioning of off-grid photovoltaic roof systems:
Off-grid photovoltaic roof system consists of photovoltaic modules, inverters, control devices, and batteries. Photovoltaic panels are used as power generation components, and the controller regulates and controls the generated electrical energy. On the one hand, the adjusted energy is sent to the DC load or AC load, and on the other hand, the excess energy is sent to the battery pack for storage. When the generated power cannot meet the load requirements, the controller sends the battery's power to the load. After the battery is fully charged, the controller must control the battery not to be overcharged. When the stored energy of the battery is discharged, the controller must control the battery not to be over-discharged to protect the battery. The storage battery can store energy to ensure that the load is used at night or on rainy days.
The off-grid system is an independent power supply system, which is characterized by the need to use battery energy storage, switching the circuit when the power is insufficient, and switching the load from the mains supply.
Although the principle of the inverter of the off-grid system and the grid-connected system is similar, there are great differences.
From a construction, technology and economic point of view, solar photovoltaic buildings have many advantages:
(1) The building roof and curtain wall can be effectively used without occupying land resources, which is particularly important for the expensive city buildings;
(2) Power generation in situ and electricity in situ can save investment in power grid transmission to the power grid within a certain distance. For a networked system, the power generated by the PV array can be used both for the load of the building and for the grid;
(3) Photovoltaic power generation system generates electricity during daylight, which is also the peak period of power grid electricity consumption, so as to relieve peak power demand;
(4) Photovoltaic modules are generally installed on the south facade of the building's roof and wall to directly absorb solar energy, which can reduce the temperature rise of the wall surface and roof;
(5) The grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system has no noise, no pollutant emissions, no fuel consumption, and environmental protection.
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