On November 22 last year, a glass wall cracking accident occurred in a building in Taikoo Hui Shopping Mall in Tianhe District, Guangzhou. More than a dozen cars were dropped in the glass. According to media reports, this is the third time that the Taikoo Hui has broken down after the completion of the glass curtain wall.
Glass curtain wall security accidents occur frequently. The “fashion labels†in these cities seem to be the “invisible killers†in the sky. What is the reason?
a security crisis brought by a paper decree
Insiders pointed out that the occurrence of the glass curtain wall security incident and the 2003 Ministry of Construction issued a paper decree can not get rid of the relationship. At the end of 2003, the United Nations Development and Reform Commission, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the Ministry of Construction issued the Regulations on the Administration of Building Safety Glass, which required the use of safety glass for the curtain wall of buildings requiring glass as the building material. This regulation states that safety glass is limited to tempered glass, laminated glass, and other glass products processed from a combination of tempered glass or laminated glass. Monolithic semi-tempered glass and wired glass are prohibited.
After the promulgation of the decree, it directly caused the massive use of tempered glass on the curtain wall. At present, the glass curtain wall on the market is basically made of tempered glass. And the properties of laminated glass are also tempered glass, but consist of two pieces of tempered glass.
Although the self-explosion rate of tempered glass is very low, about one in a thousand or one in ten thousand, China currently has more than 500 million square meters of glass curtain wall, even if it is calculated according to the probability of one ten thousandth, it will not appear. A small piece of glass occurs spontaneously. It should be noted that the glass slag is dropped after the tempered glass is self-explosive, and the glass slag has a very high lethality during the accelerated fall.
According to industry insiders, this is a typical problem of administrative intervention technology. Glass curtain walls cannot always require the use of tempered glass, but depending on the construction conditions, whether to use or not.
Responsible people do not take the initiative to conduct safety testing
In response to the security inspection and maintenance of the glass curtain wall, China issued the "Technical Specifications for Glass Curtain Wall Engineering" as early as 1996, which stipulates: "When the glass curtain wall is in normal use, the glass, sealing strip and sealant should be inspected every five years. At the same time, in 2006, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development promulgated the "Measures for the Safety Maintenance of Existing Building Curtain Walls", which stipulates that "the safety of existing building curtain walls shall be maintained and the owner's responsibility system shall be implemented". After the construction of the curtain wall project is delivered, in principle, A safety appraisal is carried out every 10 years."
However, although these existing regulations stipulate that the glass curtain wall should be safely maintained, it is not universally mandatory. In the absence of mandatory regulations in the country, property companies, developers and owners will not take the initiative to conduct safety testing, and this is the most serious problem facing the glass curtain wall after entering the 'aging period'.
In addition, since most of the glass curtain walls are now used in office buildings, hotels, etc., property rights are often divided and owned, which is complicated, and it is not easy to implement safety appraisal. Therefore, it is difficult to eliminate the glass by a single owner. The hidden danger brought by the curtain wall.
High inspection costs, glass curtain wall detection is rarely asked
The complicated inspection and operation of the glass curtain wall is also an important reason for the existing glass curtain wall construction property owners to be unwilling to test the glass curtain wall. According to reports, the cost of testing the newly built glass curtain wall building is the government's guiding price, which is about 40,000 yuan, and the market price is measured for the existing glass curtain wall.
Taking Nanchang City as an example, at present, the inspection cost of glass curtain wall in Nanchang is about 30 yuan per square meter. The general inspection cost is 670,000 yuan, and some large-scale construction glass curtain wall inspection costs need 200,000 yuan. Although China has successively issued the "Technical Specifications for Glass Curtain Wall Engineering", "Interim Provisions on Strengthening the Management of Building Curtain Wall Projects", "Measures for the Safety Maintenance of Existing Building Curtain Walls" and other relevant standards and norms, but there is no express provision for testing costs. Which side is out, and there is no clear glass curtain wall safety maintenance standard in the regulations. To what extent does the glass curtain wall need to be repaired and replaced, and whether the maintenance is responsible for the owner or the relevant department, there is no authoritative statement.
However, after extensive research on the comparison of natural stone curtain wall and glass curtain wall, it is found that natural stone curtain wall has more energy-saving advantages than glass curtain wall.
Experts believe that the Frankfurt Opera Building is the most spectacular office building in Germany for many years. After extensive research and technical investigations, the famous architect Mickler and the construction company Tishman Spey chose to use natural stone curtain walls for energy-saving considerations and abandoned the use of pure glass curtain walls. Thanks to its natural stone façade, the Frankfurt Opera House received the gold rating of the US Green Building Council's LEED rating system – the first building in Europe to receive this award-winning architecture.
Developers, architects and users are increasingly aware of the enormous energy consumption associated with the construction and maintenance of glass curtain wall systems. The political field and the media have always given a lot of attention to this. In 2008, the Supreme Court of Auditor of Bavaria proposed a proposal to use glass curtain walls only in exceptional circumstances. As early as 2004, the German news magazine "Spiegel Weekly" (No. 47) pointed out that the air conditioning system necessary for glass building is the main reason for the surge in energy costs.
The German Natural Stone Association (DNV) sees the growing interest in energy-efficient curtain walls as an opportunity and conducts sustainability studies to evaluate the environmental performance of natural stone curtain walls and glass curtain walls. PE International, a large global consulting firm, agreed and assumed the study.
The study is divided into two parts, including the natural stone curtain wall and the life cycle assessment of the glass curtain wall, and the investigation of the properties of glass, natural stone production, use and recycling (end of life). The study also compared different approaches to curtain wall construction in terms of primary energy use and its impact on the environment.
Some building materials must be updated or replaced during the use of the building. The life cycle of building materials is determined in accordance with the Sustainable Building Manual issued by the German Federal Ministry of Construction. This manual specifies that the average life cycle of natural stone is 80 years. It should be noted that the life cycle of this regulation is only an estimate and does not rule out the possibility of having a longer life cycle.
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