Specification for smelting of aluminum alloys

[China Aluminium Network] is applicable to aluminum-silicon alloys (including Al-Si-Mg, Al-Si-Cu, etc.) for gravity forging and die-casting. Guidance Document: "Smelting Specification for Aluminum Alloys".

(1) General

1 For castings produced according to this document, the chemical composition and mechanical properties shall be in accordance with GB/T 9438-1999 Aluminum Alloy Casting, JISH 5202-1999 Aluminum Alloy Casting, and ASTM B 108-03a Aluminum Alloy Metal Casting. ,GB/T "die-cast aluminum alloy",JISH 5302-2006"aluminum alloy die casting",ASTM B 85-03"aluminum alloy die casting",EN1706-1998 "forging aluminum alloy" and other specifications of the rules.

2 The smelting of aluminum alloys referred to in this document is performed in resistance furnaces, induction furnaces and gas (natural gas) furnaces. Usually graphite crucibles or cast iron crucibles are used. Cast iron must be liquid aluminized.

(2) Ingredients and Charges

1) Ingredient accounting

1 Magnesium batch accounting volume: When using the essence of chlorine salt, the upper limit should be taken. When the essence of the pollution-free essence agent is used, the amount can be appropriately reduced; the amount of magnesium added can also be adjusted according to the actual situation.

2 When aluminum alloy die-casting, in order to reduce the appearance of sticky molds during die-casting, it is agreed that iron content should be appropriately improved, but the rules of the relevant specifications shall not be exceeded.

2) Metal information and return material

1 New Metal Information

Aluminum Ingots: GB/T 1196-2002 Aluminum Remelting Ingots for Remelting

Aluminum-silicon alloy ingots: GB/T 8734-2000 "Forged Al-Si Alloy Ingots"

Magnesium Ingot: GB 3499-1983 "Magnesium Ingot"

Aluminum-copper center alloy: YS/T 282-2000 "aluminum center alloy ingot"

Aluminium-manganese center alloy: YS/T 282-2000 "Aluminium center alloy ingot"

Prefabricated alloy ingots for each trademark: GB/T 8733-2000 "Forged Aluminum Alloy Ingots", JISH 2117-1984 "Recycled Aluminum Alloy Ingots for Castings", ASTM B 197-03 "Forging Aluminum Alloy Ingots", and JISH 2118-2000 " Die Casting Aluminum Alloy Ingots, EN1676-1996 Forging Aluminum Alloy Ingots, etc.

2 return charge

Contains chemically clear waste castings, feeders and remnants at the bottom of the crucible, as well as broken remelting ingots such as overflow tanks and flashes.

The amount of recycled material is usually not more than 80%, and the crushing and remelting materials do not exceed 30% during the period. The non-important castings can be used in full. The amount of returned material for special requirements (hermeticity, etc.) does not exceed 50%. .

3) Eradicate dirt

In order to improve the product quality, it is necessary to remove the dirt, oil stains, and inlays on the waste castings, which should be removed before smelting (a smelting furnace can be used to remove the inserts).

4) Preheating of charge

Preheating is usually done at 350-450°C for 2-4 hours. Zn, Mg, and RE are maintained at 200 to 250°C for 2 to 4 hours. In the event that the enamel coating is in good condition and sufficiently warmed up, the charge except for flammable materials such as Zn, Mg, Sr, Cd, and RE is allowed to preheat with the furnace.

(3) Preparation of essence

1 The essence of aluminum alloy is usually selected from hexachloroethane, DSG aluminum alloy degassing degassing agent, aluminum refining agent ZS-AJ 01C and other refined agents.

2 Hexachloroethane is placed in a furnace for preheating prior to use.

3 DSG aluminum alloy degassing degassing agent, aluminum essence agent ZS-AJ 01C and other essence agent, to prevent moisture absorption when depositing, should be placed in the furnace before use to preheat.

(4) Preparations for licking and melting things

1 Before the new rake is used, it should be cleaned and cleaned (optionally with sand blowing or other methods), then heated to 600-700°C, adhered for 30-60 minutes, and then cooled to 200-300°C to begin spraying paint.

The 2nd line will use the enamel and smelt things using wire brushes, shovels, tweezers and other things to remove enamel and smelt the oxides, slag, and other contaminants on the surface of the object, and preheat it to 200-300°C, and then touch it with the alloy solution. Some appearance spray paint.

3 After spraying the paint, the crucible should be preheated to 500-600°C, and other melting things should be preheated to 200-300°C for later use.

4 After the application of the paint, the paint shall not fall off. When smelting one after another, the paint shall not exceed 24h, or the paint shall be scratched and sprayed. After other smelting paints fall, they should be painted at any time.

5 The metal residue, scale, and slag on the crucible and smelting after use should be clean and tidy (preferably after heat treatment).

(5) Alloy smelting

1 Based on the smelting and burden components, the smelting and reheating are performed in the order of the return material, alloy ingot, center alloy, and pure metal.

a. When magnesium is added, press the magnesium block into the lower part of the alloy liquid with a bell jar, slowly roll, mix well, and remove the bell jar after all the magnesium is melted.

2 When the charge is fully melted, when the temperature of the alloy liquid reaches 690 to 740°C, use a bell jar to divide the 2 to 3 batches of the master agent into the alloy liquid, and then separate the bottom 10 to 15 cm at the bottom of the crucible, and slowly and evenly roll until the reaction stops. , remove the bell.

a. When the climate is humid or when the amount of recycled material is large, the amount of the essence agent participates in the upper limit, and the detailed participation amount also depends on the essence.

3 After the essence, let it stand for 10-20 min, then remove the molten slag on the surface of the alloy solution, and transfer the alloy solution to the holding furnace or directly cast it.

a. During the entire smelting and casting process, the temperature of the alloy fluid should not be too high, nor should it exceed 750°C in a short time.

b. The smelting and casting time of the alloy should be as short as possible. It should not exceed 8 hours from the beginning of alloy smelting to the end of casting.

c. The time for the retention of the quasi-post-alloy fluid should not exceed 4 hours for forging or die-casting, otherwise it should make up for the essence.

d. To make up for the same temperature as the pouring temperature, the amount of the refining agent is 0.2 to 0.4% of the remaining alloying fluid. When making up for the magnesium alloy containing fine magnesium, the amount of burned magnesium should be considered.

e. During the pouring process, no gate or waste castings shall be allowed to participate in the alloy solution at random, or they shall be refined from scratch.

f. When the depth of the remaining molten alloy at the bottom of the crucible is less than 50mm, the cast shall not be cast. However, it may be used to join batches of smelting, or pour new alloy liquid.

g. During the entire smelting process, the oxide scale on the surface of the alloy solution should be minimized. When the alloy fluid is drawn, the oxide scale should be split first to prevent the oxidation belt from entering the alloy solution.

(6) Quality View

1 After the alloy is smelted, a pre-furnace inspection is to be carried out: chemical composition inspection (spectroscopy analysis), fracture inspection (visual inspection), and pinhole analysis (viewing when the casting has a need for airtightness or withstand pressure).

2 When pouring the alloy into each furnace normally, the mechanical properties of the sample shall be cast (to be performed when the casting has mechanical properties requirements).

(7) Safety skills

1 The workplace should be boring, and there should be no accumulation or accumulation of oil.

2 Before the start of the work, the operator should wear protective equipment according to the rules and check the lines or pipes of the equipment. If any problems are found, they should be cleaned first.

3 坩埚 认真 运用 运用 运用 运用 运用 认真 认真 认真 认真 认真 认真 认真 认真 认真 认真 认真 认真 认真 认真 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若.

4 power circuit and power off should show signs. When powering out, you should power off.

When gas stoves or natural gas stoves are at 5 o'clock, they should be gas-fired and then incinerated; when the furnace is shut down, the gas valves should be closed first.

6 When using the essence of hexachloroethane, the suction fan should be started first.

7 When charging, care should be taken to reduce the burden of the charge when it melts at the beginning. There should be no “bridge” appearance.

8 to prevent the use of unheated smelting thing and alloy liquid touch; stop the unheated cold feed into the alloy liquid; stop the molten alloy poured on the cold ingot mold or cement floor and metal floor.

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